Control of hog ascarid infections with nicarbazin



United States Patent CONTROL OF HOG ASCARID INFECTIONS wrrn NICARBAZIN Gerald Brody, Quincy, Ill., assignor to Moorman Manufacturing Company, Quincy, 111., a corporation of Illinois NO Drawing. Application December 23, 1957 Serial No. 704,338

2 Claims. (Cl. 167-53) This invention relates to the treatment or prevention of hog ascarid infections by retarding or preventing the production of hogascarid ova eggs by female worms and preventing development of such ova as may be,passed in the droppings.

It has been found that when nicarbazin is fed to swine continuously at a level from as low as 0.0025 to 0.01%

ice

m ted Mar: 2

any other untoward eifect; (3) the treatment is easy and convenient in that the nicarbazin is incorporated in the ration; (4) the treatment affords continuous protection;

and (5) itprevents thedevelopment of the ascarid ova.

and thus attacks the cause of the infection at the source rather than serving as a conventional anthelmintic to expel worms froman animal after development therein.

. Certain other objects of the invention will, in part,

based on the weight of the ration, the production of hog ascarid ova by female worms will be substantially reduced or entirely prevented, and the development of such ova as may be passed in the droppings will also be sub-,

stantially retarded or entirely prevented. The continuous low level use of nicarbazin will thus prevent contamination of pastures and buildings by breaking the life cycle of the worms.

Nicarbazin is a complex of 4,4'-dimnitrocarbanilide and 2-hydroxy-4,6, dimethylpyrimidine. This compound and one method of producing it were described in Science,

August 5, 1955, vol. 122, No. 3162, pages 244-255. It

was more recently disclosed as a coccidiostat in Patent 2,731,382, dated January 17, 1956. Nicarbazin is currently marketed for use in chicken feeds as a coccidiostat. In view of the anti-coccidial activity of nicarbazine, it was investigated as an anthelmintic in both chickens and swine (Federation Proceedings, vol. 15, No. 1, March 1956). In these experiments,.swine fed 0.1% nicarbazin were free from Ascaris lumbricoides (large round worms), although healed lesions characteristic of larval ascaris migrations were found in the liver and lungs. The present invention is not concerned with the use of nicarbazin either as a coccidiostat or anthelmintic, but with a new and entirely different use and result.

It was discovered in accordance with the present invention that when nicarbazin is administered in the low levels of from 0.0025% to 0.01%, based on the weight of the ration, it effectively reduced the production of hog ascarid ova and also prevented development of such ova as might be passed without any untoward effects on the animals. This concentration is not suflicient to permit the nicarbazin to serve as an anthelmintic for expelling worms. The ability of nicarbazin to prevent production of ascarid ova in swine appears to be peculiar to these animals since it is not effective with chick ascarids when fed in suchlow levels. The following ar'eamong the advantages of low level use of nicarbazin. tdcontrol and not interfere with normal gain in body weight or exhibit beobvious and Will, in part, appear hereinafter.

- Fora more complete understanding of the nature and the scope of the invention, reference may now be had to the following example and tables.

A preferred level of feeding the nicarbazin to swine I is approximately 0.005% to 0.007% based on the ration or daily food intake. However, as little as 0.0025% nicarbazin will be partially effective and up to 0.01% may be administered without untoward effects.

The following example will serve to illustrate pig feed containing 0.005% by weight of nicarbazin.

EXAMPLE Complete pig rationweaning to or lb.

Mustlbepremixed with a portion (at least 1%) of the complete ration to-obtainadequate distribution.

The three following tables contain data obtained from numerous experiments with swine to show the value and behavior of nicarbazin at low levels for control of hog ascaridfinfections. The data in Table 1 bring out that ova and the viable eggs per gram of feces (EPG). In Table 3 further data are presented to indicate efficacy of niearbazin fed at low levels (0.005%) to pigs averaging 55 to 60 pounds in weight.

TABLE 1 hog ascarids Anthelmintic efiicacy of nicarbazin at low-level against nica'u' level nicarbazin on hog ascarid, the viability of passed yrs to ascertaln bercentembryonatlon.

t mw m m: I n a u n I m w u 0. u n u n u u a n c n u u 4 u m mEm u u u u C P C u m u a n I E M642017110 m m m m m 3 m m z I VX .E 00 4 200 00 0 m m 0 mm mm mwm msmmm m 1 m mmnmwmw 6 a 0,2, Lazy, 8 :l tr "P 00 O m )w w m m 33 1 01. u 2 u u u I 7 0 B 9 G a mmmwmmmm m m n a I n v e 0 0 I 8 0762 2 0 2 0000 0 m A 220 mm M H mm M w a mmmm 1i 8 0m mm m m m m wmmmmmmmmm w m w 4 n 4 w 1 0 .w I m P M 0 A 02 0060 0000 0 00 0 0 w m 015201000 1 o E w 5 mmmm m N mmm a m mmwmmm m mm 0) 2 M m D W 1 W D H 21.25% m l 0 B 0 00200 E 0 0 00 0m L w. m 0 mmmmm M mmmm mm L m mmmwm mmmm M .3001 M 1 2 6 7 1 9 E m 1 LZ LQ LL5 an mmmmmmmmmm T a T t V- b 7 8 0.8 .IW. G 0 66 0 6 6 0 V 0 0 0v 0 M? mm o 5. mmmmmmmmmmmmm w mmmmm m 0 .ammmwmwmmmmm w m H 0 300360 029 1. .0.004 M 1 3 08 4 1 2 V. 2 4253 d W A E v 8 2%1101 0 0 0 00 0 00 0 00 m 00000.0 w mmmm mmmmmmmm P mmmmmmmmmmmmm mmmmmwwmmmmmm' a l G 0 nahaiqnzofifizhma E t 892266 0E g I t 5 5 5 m kw 067633 1mm mflm 51 WSW% 51 m 0% ed mm mum 00mm mmmo momm mmmw a C C 6ND 00 00000000000 0 0 00 00000 0 0 00 m e m r w t 5 a 0 m m 0 limmm. E CH8 000 00 m n 000 050 0000 w M N g m H P 1 Eggs per gram feces. l Ova cultured for 14 da Viable EPG ls ealcnlaped as follows: EPG X percent hatchablllty,

TABLE 3 Efiicacy of 0.005% nicarbazin against hog ascarid infections [Lab. Hog Asearid Exp. 1181 A. HOG ASOARID EPG Weeks on Medication Ration No.

Pigs 1 1 2 3 N O medication 3 3, 770 5, 570 9, 000 2, 130 2, 570 0.005% N lcarbazlnnh 8 5, 430 7, 730 2, 900 170 170 B. PERCENT EMBRYONA'IION OF OVA N modir-nflrm 100 99 91 100 0.005% N icarbazln. 100 16 3 15 C. VIABLE EPG 20 N o medication 5, 570 8, 910 1, 938 2, 570 0.005% N icar 7, 730 464 5 26 In view of the foregoing disclosure, those skilled in the art will be able to practice the invention as disclosed or. in one or more suitable and obvious manners.

What is claimed as new is:

1. The method of controlling hog ascarid infections References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Basso Jan. 17, 1956 OTHER REFERENCES Cuckler: Fed. Proc., March 1956, pp. 414, 415.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 2,930,733 March 29, 1960 Gerald Brody It is hereb$ certified that error appears in thepr inted specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters 1 l Patent should read as corrected below.

Columns 3 and 4,- Table 2 (C) fifth column thereof under the heading "Weeks on Medication", third line opposite Pig Number "116-12", for the numeral "-2" read O Signed and sealed this 13th day of September 1960.

( SEAL) Attest:

KARL H. AXLINE Attesting Oflicer ROBERT c. WATSON Commissioner of Patents 

1. THE METHOD OF CONTROLLING HOG ASCARID INFECTIONS WHICH COMPRISES CONTINOULFLY FEEDING SWINE WITH A RATION CONTAINING FROM ABOUT 0.0025% TO 0.01% BY WEIGHT OF NICARBAZIN. 